[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/pocatky-internetu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/pocatky-internetu\/","headline":"Po\u010d\u00e1tky internetu","name":"Po\u010d\u00e1tky internetu","description":"Po\u010d\u00e1tky internetu Po roce 1945 za\u010daly vznikat prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b neexistovaly ani opera\u010dn\u00ed programy, ani programovac\u00ed jazyky, ty se za\u010daly u\u017e\u00edvat a\u017e kolem roku 1951. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d tehdy rozhodn\u011b nem\u011bl svou dne\u0161n\u00ed, dalo by se \u0159\u00edci kapesn\u00ed, podobu. Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de m\u011bly \u010dasto probl\u00e9m, aby se v\u016fbec ve\u0161ly do m\u00edstnosti. Ovl\u00e1daly sice n\u011bkolik matematick\u00fdch operac\u00ed, […]","datePublished":"2021-09-15","dateModified":"2021-09-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/232437c79d6ebbb41eb67b1526ce0bc08ee5047d6b1594dc05abcc3258d8e0b3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/232437c79d6ebbb41eb67b1526ce0bc08ee5047d6b1594dc05abcc3258d8e0b3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"emkas.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/kabely_2.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/kabely_2.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/pocatky-internetu\/","about":["Internet"],"wordCount":509,"articleBody":"Po\u010d\u00e1tky internetuPo roce 1945 za\u010daly vznikat prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b neexistovaly ani opera\u010dn\u00ed programy, ani programovac\u00ed jazyky, ty se za\u010daly u\u017e\u00edvat a\u017e kolem roku 1951. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d tehdy rozhodn\u011b nem\u011bl svou dne\u0161n\u00ed, dalo by se \u0159\u00edci kapesn\u00ed, podobu. Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de m\u011bly \u010dasto probl\u00e9m, aby se v\u016fbec ve\u0161ly do m\u00edstnosti. Ovl\u00e1daly sice n\u011bkolik matematick\u00fdch operac\u00ed, ale b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 funkce dne\u0161n\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f jim byly st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b ciz\u00ed.Vznik my\u0161lenky internetu nach\u00e1z\u00edme v USA v dob\u011b studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Pro pot\u0159eby strategick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 bylo nutn\u00e9 vymyslet zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi uzly takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti veden\u00ed, nebyly soub\u011b\u017en\u011b posti\u017eeny dal\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00e9 jednotky. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 byly v t\u00e9to dob\u011b tzv. centr\u00e1ln\u00ed uzly, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak mohly b\u00fdt velmi lehce ochromeny. My\u0161lenka internetu toto riziko eliminovala.Nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k \u201es\u00edti\u201c:1968 \u2013 s\u00ed\u0165 ARPANET \u2013 p\u0159\u00edstup pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch univerzit1969 \u2013 propojen\u00ed 4 uzl\u016f (univerzity v Los Angeles, Santa Barba\u0159e, Utahu a Stanfordu)1973 \u2013 prvn\u00ed neamerick\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k ARPANETu (Anglie a Norsko)1989 \u2013 100 000 uzl\u016f1999 \u2013 50 000 000 uzl\u016f2002 \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 000 000 uzl\u016fV roce 2011 po\u010det u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu p\u0159ekro\u010dil hranici 2 miliard.Internet na \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republikyInternet na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1tky v roce 1990. V \u010ceskoslovensku neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pevn\u00e1 linka, krom\u011b linky telefonn\u00ed. Na telefonn\u00edch dr\u00e1tech proto prob\u00edhaly prvn\u00ed pokusy o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. V \u00fanoru 1992 prob\u011bhlo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republiky k internetu (na pra\u017esk\u00e9m \u010cVUT). Nejednalo se o internet, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m slova smyslu. Prvn\u00edmi u\u017eivateli byly pochopiteln\u011b \u010desk\u00e9 univerzity. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed bylo pomal\u00e9 a technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Raketov\u00fd n\u00e1stup internet v \u010cR zaznamenal po roce 2000, kdy se masov\u011b za\u010dal roz\u0161i\u0159ovat do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1992 bylo informac\u00ed na internetu pouh\u00e9 minimum. Internetov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky byly velmi jednoduch\u00e9 a jejich vzhled by va\u0161i pozornost p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neupoutal. B\u011bhem roku 1996 se za\u010dalo na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed nab\u00edzet vyt\u00e1\u010den\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme zaznamenat start nab\u00eddek prvn\u00edch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Do roku 2000 postupn\u011b za\u010daly fungovat nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 weby. Po tomto roce ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pronikaly do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Po\u010det u\u017eivatel\u016f \u010desk\u00e9ho internetu rostl. Ceny p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu zlev\u0148ovaly, stejn\u011b tak byly cenov\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b notebooky, tablety i chytr\u00e9 telefony vytla\u010duj\u00ed klasick\u00e9 stoln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 sestavy. Jak\u00fd bude v\u00fdvoj v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech? Technika se vyv\u00edj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo raketov\u00fdm tempem. Je m\u00e1lo pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by stoln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de p\u0159estaly existovat \u00fapln\u011b. Jejich obliba u \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti v\u0161ak st\u00e1le kles\u00e1.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Po\u010d\u00e1tky internetu","item":"https:\/\/www.emkas.cz\/pocatky-internetu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]